1E
d i t o r i a lDear
Colleagues,Genetics, the
study of heredity and variation, is a fairly young branch of science. Carriedby the impetus of much-publicized recent
discoveries, and in spite of its short history, moderngenetics now seems to eclipse all other
disciplines. Psychiatrists and neurologists have longbeen fascinated by the genetics of mental
disorders. The familial aggregation of certain typesof psychosis had not escaped the attention
of 19th century clinicians. As early as 1838, theFrench psychiatrist Esquirol remarked
in his treatise that heredity was one of melancholiasmain etiological factors.Traditionally, researchers have
focused their attention on the familial transmission of dis-ease. In psychiatry, this
approach was foiled by the complex and multifactorial causation ofmental disorders, which generally
do not follow the clear rules of mendelian genetics. Therecent advances in genome research
have opened up new vistas. We can work with new con-cepts, which would hardly have
been imaginable a few decades ago. We now have a betterunderstanding of the interactions between
gene expression and the environment. For certaindisorders, gene
therapy seems a less distant prospect. We are likely to witness great strides
inthe field of
psychiatric drug treatment, with the rapid identification of molecular targets, theelucidation of interindividual differences
in treatment response, and the discovery and screen-ing of numerous new drugs.We are indebted to Drs Margret R. Hoehe
and Deborah J. Morris-Rosendahl, who haveshaped
this issue of Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. They
carefully selected renowned spe-cialists
and asked them to report on key areas of progress.Best
wishes,Jean-Paul
Macher, MD Marc-Antoine
Crocq, MD