ear Colleagues,The concept of depression as a syndrome is founded essentially on depressed mood; the accom-panying symptomatology (hypersomnias or insomnias, bulimia or anorexia, persecution complexes,self-deprecation, loss of the capacity to anticipate and to project oneself into the future, etc) is a resultof the nature and form of the illness, as well as of the psychological profile of the individual.The precipitating factorsthe patient's age, menopausal status, comorbidities, etcalso needto be taken into account.The notion of cure can be applied to the illness as a whole, or to a particular episode of this ill-ness. The idea of cure assumes a total reintegration of the premorbid psychological status of thepatient. If the illness as a whole is cured, this implies that pathologic episodes will not recur, and thatthe depression itself has an episodic and circumstantial nature (bereavement, post-traumatic depres-sion). If, on the other hand, we speak of the cure of an episode of the illness, this implies that theremay be recurrences, and in this case we refer to "remission" without excluding the possibility of arecurrent episode.Here, two of the major questions regarding the treatment of depression are raised: is theimprovement of the symptomatology a manifestation of a cure or of a remission? What are the riskfactors determining the possibility of recurrence? While examining these principal questions, we alsoneed to look at which therapeutic strategies increase the chances of complete remission, which mech-anisms are involved in incomplete remission, the influence of the quality of remission on the risk ofrecurrence, the effect of the patient's personality on the quality of remission obtained, correlationwith existing comorbidities, and the predictors of remission.These questions have all generated much interest from specialists for many years; some answersand explanations have been provided by complementary investigations: pharmacogenetics, sleep stud-ies, etc.Finally, new therapeutic approaches are providing hope for improvement in prognosis in manycases. In particular, clinicians now have recourse to treatments based on new concepts, which departfrom the traditional monoaminergic theories of depression.In this issue of Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, we have endeavored to address all of thesequestions, and to this end we have called on some remarkable authors, all of whom I would like tothank, as well as Prof Dieter Naber, who agreed to coordinate this issue.Sincerely yours,Jean-Paul Macher, MDE d i t o r i a lD